Out of the 30 species of snake in Nebraska, 3 are rattlesnakes.All rattlesnakes are venomous but mostly strike if threatened or attacked.The different species of rattlesnake in Nebraska are: timber rattlesnake, prairie rattlesnake, and the Western massasauga.
There are at least 30 different types of snakes that live in Nebraska. However, only four of these snakes are venomous and potentially dangerous: the eastern copperhead snake, and three different species of rattlesnake. As terrifying as these snakes may seem at first, they are usually quite shy and try to avoid humans as much as possible. Most rattlesnakes will only strike if they are threatened or harassed. Many people are scared of snakes and believe they should be eradicated. However, snakes are important in Nebraska. They help to keep the ecosystem balanced by keeping rodent populations in check. Let’s look at the three different types of rattlesnakes in Nebraska, and some of the nonvenomous snakes that are often mistaken for rattlesnakes.
1. Timber Rattlesnake
The Timber Rattlesnake lives in the extreme southeast corner of Nebraska, usually in woodland or rocky areas and along streams. Timber rattlesnakes are a threatened species in Nebraska and are listed as a species in need of conservation. The timber rattlesnake is also sometimes called the banded rattlesnake, velvet-tail rattlesnake, velvet rattler, or the canebrake rattlesnake. Timber rattlesnakes have dark V-shaped marks along the length of their gold, tan, light brown, or gray bodies. The timber rattlesnakes in Nebraska also have an orange or rust-colored stripe that runs down the middle of their backs. This snake is 44-60 inches long with a black tail and a light-colored rattle. The timber rattlesnake does not jump to a defense quickly, choosing instead to blend into its surroundings or to slither away silently. However, there is a lot of venom injected into this snake’s bite, making it an extremely dangerous rattlesnake. Timber rattlesnakes mostly eat rodents and have been observed climbing trees that are nearly 80 feet tall.
2. Prairie rattlesnake
The prairie rattlesnake lives in the western half of Nebraska. This snake gets its name from living in prairies and grasslands in the Great Plains of North America. It has a very large range, living not only in the United States but in southwestern Canada and northern Mexico as well. Prairie rattlesnakes are 35-45 inches long and are olive-green, gray, or light brown in color with dark blotches along the middle of their backs. Sometimes they will have dark rings at the end of their tail as well. Theses colors and patterns help them to blend into with the rocks and protect them from predators. Prairie rattlesnakes often live near prairie dog colonies. They mostly eat small mammals like rabbits, prairie dogs, and other rodents. These snakes often rest in vacated prairie dog tunnels, burrows, caves, and rock crevices.
3. Western Massasauga
The Western Massasauga is a rattlesnake that lives in the very southeastern corner of Nebraska. Along it usually prefers prairies and grasslands, this snake is also called a “swamp rattler” in Nebraska because it is often found in wet or marsh-like areas there. The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission lists the western massasaugas as an at-risk and threatened species, and it is protected by state laws. This snake is cornered in the southwest of Nebraska due to a decrease in tallgrass prairie. It also faces other risks like predation, loss of habitat, habitat alteration, cattle grazing, road mortality, and illegal harassment by humans. The western massasauga is a small to medium sized snake, growing between 18-26 inches long in Nebraska. Its body is usually gray or light brown in color, with dark spots or blotches along its back and sides. Its belly is usually a cream color with lateral blotches as well. There is a dark stripe painted along both sides of its face from its head to the back of its head. The western massasauga is a subspecies of the massasauga rattlesnake, bigger than the Desert Massasauga but smaller than the Eastern Massasauga.
Rattlesnake Look-a-Likes in Nebraska
While there are only three types of rattlesnakes in Nebraska, there are a few nonvenomous snakes that look like rattlesnakes—except of course, they don’t have a rattle at the end of their tails. Check out a few of the rattlesnake “look-a-likes” living in Nebraska.
Prairie Kingsnake
Prairie kingsnakes live in the southeast corner of Nebraska. They are usually light brown, red-brown, light gray, or olive green, with dark square-shaped blotches running down their backs. One of their most distinctive features is the dark V-shaped pattern on the top of their head. Prairie kingsnakes grow to be 32-46 inches long, and like their name, they are often found in prairie-type areas. Although their colors and patterns look a lot like a rattlesnake, these snakes don’t have a rattle and their heads are much smaller. The prairie king snake is quite shy and usually hides under rocks. If it feels threatened it twitches its tail, and if it happens to be hiding near dry leaves, this can make it sound a bit like a rattlesnake.
Bullsnake
Bullsnakes live all throughout Nebraska and look like a rattlesnakes from a distance. Their heads are shaped like a spearhead, similar to the triangle-shaped head of a rattlesnake. However, the bullsnake’s head is thinner and more streamlined than a rattlesnake’s. This unique head-shape helps them to tunnel into the ground to reach their prey. Bullsnakes also mimic rattlesnakes when they feel threatened by hissing loudly and twitching their tails. This snake is usually light brown or yellowish in color, with brown, dark brown, red-brown, or black blotches running down the length of its body. Bullsnakes in the eastern half of Nebraska are often darker than the bullsnakes in the western half. These are the largest snakes in Nebraska, measuring 40-70 inches long.
Western Hognose Snake
The western hognose snake lives in the western two-thirds of Nebraska. These snakes are smaller, around 15-20 inches long. They come in various shades of brown with dark blotches running along the length of their bodies. These colors and patterns sometimes make them look like a rattlesnake from a distance. However, the western hognose snake has a much smaller head and does not have a rattle. Additionally, this snake has an upturned nose, which makes its snout resemble that of a pig or hog. This upturned snout acts like a tiny shovel, helping the western hognose snake to dig through soil. Western hognose snakes are not dangerous to humans. When this snake feels threatened it will attempt to play dead, flatten its head, or puff up.
Western Fox Snake
The western fox snake lives in northeast Nebraska. These snakes grow to be 36-50 inches long and are usually various shades of brown, sometimes mixed with yellow or red tones. They have dark blotches running down their backs. Like rattlesnakes, western fox snakes shake their tails quite a bit. Unfortunately, people often mistake these snakes for massasauga rattlesnakes and harm or kill them, even though western fox snakes are nonvenomous and harmless to humans. If you come across one and are not sure if it’s a rattlesnake or a western fox snake, check to see if it has a rattle—if it doesn’t, it’s not a rattlesnake. In addition, western fox snakes have very small heads and tiny round eyes, while rattlesnakes have large triangle-shaped heads and vertical pupils.
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